Do I need to pay for rent if I didn’t use the apartment because I went home during the pandemic?
Question:
I am a single girl, and I rent an apartment in crown Heights during the year. Due to the pandemic, I went home from March 19th – the end of May. I am now back in my apartment. My landlords would like me to be paying rent for the time I was gone however I wasn’t using the space and want to know halachically if I am obligated to pay? I paid the complete month of March, although I left in middle and I am paying for June, which was the deposit payment I made at the beginning of the year.
My question is am I obligated to pay, and if I am, must I pay in full?
Answer:
The Halachah is that a Dayan (a judge in a Beis Din) may not listen to one litigant in a Choshen Mishpat (financial) dispute unless the other litigant is present—ze bifnei ze. Furthermore, even if a hypothetical question is put to a Rav asking his opinion bederech im timtza lomar, im kein hu, i.e. “What would the Halachah be if such and such were the case?”, the Rav may not express his opinion. This is because a person may deduce from the Rav’s answer how to get a favorable outcome at the actual Din Torah and falsify the facts accordingly.
Another reason is that when the other side of the story will be heard at the actual Din Torah, the Dayan may have to give a different Psak, which would reflect poorly on him, and thereby cause a potential disparagement of a Talmid Chacham (Torah scholar). There are cases where Halachah permits a Rav to answer a theoretical Choshen Mishpat question; however, these days one has to be very cautious lest people learn to make false claims and/or misquote the Rav. The Tzemach Tzedek rules that even if a Borer (an arbiter chosen by the litigant) comes to a Rav with a question, the Rav may only give his opinion if the question is presented by both Borerim.
Firstly, this response is only on a general level and various technicalities can change the result of the answer. For example, one needs to see what was written on the contract.
Because there’s so many factors that can influence the decision in this case and also because there are multiple opinions on this matter, in the absence of a properly scheduled Din Torah, it is appropriate to reach some compromise between the parties. This is the advice that Batei Dinim all over the world are telling people.
If you did not pay yet, if you stored your furniture or belongings in the apartment, you must pay the price of a storage room of that size. If you did not store anything, you might be exempt of paying. But nonetheless you should pay 50% as a suggested compromise. If you paid already, you may not demand the money back.
Sources:
נחלקו האחרונים היכא שיש מכת מדינה, אבל ניתן עדיין להשתמש במקום המושכר.
לדעת המהר”ם מטיקטין, (הובא בש”ך סימן של”ד ס”ק ג) חייב השוכר לשלם. ואיירי שם במכת דבר.
אמנם הט”ז (שם בסימן של”ד) פליג עליו וסובר שבהאי גוונא פטור השוכר לשלם. וכן הש”ך נשאר בצ”ע.
בקצות החושן סימן שט”ז ס”ק ב הביא דברי המהר”ם בר’ ברוך דגם יוצא שפליג על המהר”ם טיקטין ופוסק כוותיה.
ולפועל יכול השוכר לטעון קים לי כמהר”ם בר’ ברוך ולא לשלם, היכא שהוא מוחזק ועדיין לא שילם. (מהצ”צ בתשובה סימן מה, ליכא למפשט אם פוסק כהלכה כמהר”ם בזה.)
ומ״מ יש לפשר. בפרט בנדו״ז שי״ל דלכו״ע חייב לשלם גם אם נאמר כט״ז שגם כשמכת מדינה אינה קושרה לגוף המושכר פטור, כיון שמכת מדינה כאן אינה מכריחה כלל לעזוב אל הבית. ואדרבה, ההוראות היו להישאר סגורים בבית. ולא רק שלא ברחו כולם, גם לא רובם – ראה ש״ך שם ג. ובאמת, כבר העירו שבל׳ מהר״ם פאדווה פו, משמע קצת בטעמו דמיירי דברחו רק המיעוט. וכש״כ כאן שבכל העולם פרץ הנגיף. ואינו דומה לשכירות בית מלון ואולמות.
מיהו אם איחסן את חפציו, צריך לשלם מחיר של איחסון.
#9147